One of the riskiest industries in the world is oil drilling. With the increasing demand for oil and natural gas over the years, the oil industry has benefited a lot. Energy is probably one of the major requisites for human survival. Petroleum is a fossil fuel that is evolved from the fossils of plants and animals located deep in the earth's crust. It took millions of years for dead animals and plants to decompose into oil.
Location of Oil Reserves
The reservoirs of oil in the earth's crust are found by geologists with specific instruments and studies. They might work independently or in contract with a particular oil company. They look for the accurate conditions for oil trap, reservoir rocks and entrapment. The geologists study surface rocks and terrains to isolate the oil bed with the help of shallow drilling. However, their methods were not much reliable earlier. These days with the advancement of technology, the monitoring of the surface is done by satellite images, in addition to other scientific equipments. The equipments used for locating oil beds are:
· Gravity meter
· Magnetometer
· Sniffers
· Seismology method
Gravity meters measure change in the gravitational field of earth that indicates the flow of oil. Similarly, the magnetometer records the change in the magnetic field of the earth to mark the flow of earth. The odor of hydrocarbons can also be detected by highly receptive electronic noses known as sniffers.
Seismology is the process of creating shock waves which pass through obscure rocks, and record the waves which are reflected back. It is widely used for locating oil reservoirs. The shock wave is formed by compressed air gun, thumper trucks and explosives. Compressed air gun is used for creating shock waves in water. Air pulses are shot into water and a shock wave is created. On the other hand the thumper trucks slam heavy plates into the ground to explore the land. Explosives are also used after shallow drilling, and they can be used over land as well as water.
The shock waves travel under the earth's surface and they get reflected back by the underlying sedimentary rock layers. These reflected waves are recorded by the seismometers or sensitive microphones. The reading is interpreted and hence the corresponding oil beds are searched. Geologists mark the place using GPS co-ordinates or by using sign buoys on the water. This way the whole tedious process is completed to search energy worldwide, and meet the demands.
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